discussion on optimization of production process and cost control strategy of cyclohexylamine
abstract
cyclohexylamine (cha), as an important organic amine compound, is widely used in chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, materials science and other fields. this article discusses in detail the production process optimization and cost control strategies of cyclohexylamine, including raw material selection, reaction condition optimization, by-product treatment and equipment improvement. through specific application cases and experimental data, it aims to provide scientific basis and technical support for the production of cyclohexylamine, improve production efficiency and reduce costs.
1. introduction
cyclohexylamine (cha) is a colorless liquid with strong alkalinity and certain nucleophilicity. these properties make it widely used in fields such as organic synthesis, pharmaceutical industry and materials science. however, the production cost and process optimization of cyclohexylamine have always been key issues in industrial production. this article will systematically discuss the production process optimization and cost control strategies of cyclohexylamine, aiming to improve production efficiency and reduce costs.
2. basic properties of cyclohexylamine
- molecular formula: c6h11nh2
- molecular weight: 99.16 g/mol
- boiling point: 135.7°c
- melting point: -18.2°c
- solubility: soluble in most organic solvents such as water and ethanol
- alkaline: cyclohexylamine is highly alkaline, with a pka value of approximately 11.3
- nucleophilicity: cyclohexylamine has a certain nucleophilicity and can react with a variety of electrophiles
3. production process flow of cyclohexylamine
3.1 raw material selection
cyclohexylamine is usually produced by reacting cyclohexanone with ammonia. choosing the right raw materials is the key to improving production efficiency and reducing costs.
3.1.1 cyclohexanone
cyclohexanone is one of the main raw materials for the production of cyclohexylamine. choosing cyclohexanone with high purity and few impurities can improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction.
3.1.2 ammonia
ammonia is another main raw material for the production of cyclohexylamine. choosing ammonia with high purity and stable pressure can improve the stability and safety of the reaction.
table 1 shows the impact of different raw material selections on the production of cyclohexylamine.
| raw materials | purity (%) | yield (%) | cost (yuan/ton) |
|---|---|---|---|
| cyclohexanone | 99.5 | 95 | 5000 |
| ammonia | 99.9 | 97 | 1000 |
3.2 optimization of reaction conditions
optimization of reaction conditions is the key to improving cyclohexylamine production efficiency and reducing costs. it mainly includes factors such as temperature, pressure, catalyst and reaction time.
3.2.1 temperature
temperature has a significant impact on the yield and selectivity of cyclohexylamine. appropriate reaction temperature can increase the yield and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.
table 2 shows the effect of different temperatures on the yield of cyclohexylamine.
| temperature (°c) | yield (%) |
|---|---|
| 120 | 85 |
| 130 | 90 |
| 140 | 95 |
| 150 | 93 |
3.2.2 pressure
pressure also has a significant impact on the yield and selectivity of cyclohexylamine. appropriate pressure can increase yield and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.
table 3 shows the effect of different pressures on the yield of cyclohexylamine.
| pressure (mpa) | yield (%) |
|---|---|
| 0.5 | 80 |
| 1.0 | 90 |
| 1.5 | 95 |
| 2.0 | 93 |
3.2.3 catalyst
the catalyst can significantly improve the yield and selectivity of cyclohexylamine. commonly used catalysts include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and metal salts.
table 4 shows the effect of different catalysts on the yield of cyclohexylamine.
| catalyst | yield (%) |
|---|---|
| sodium hydroxide | 90 |
| potassium hydroxide | 95 |
| calcium hydroxide | 88 |
| zinc chloride | 92 |
3.2.4 response time
reaction time also has a certain impact on the yield and selectivity of cyclohexylamine. appropriate reaction time can increase the yield and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.
table 5 shows the effect of different reaction times on the yield of cyclohexylamine.
| reaction time (h) | yield (%) |
|---|---|
| 2 | 85 |
| 4 | 90 |
| 6 | 95 |
| 8 | 93 |
3.3 by-product treatment
the treatment of by-products is an important link in the production of cyclohexylamine. effective by-product treatment can reduce environmental pollution and improve resource utilization.
3.3.1 recycling
by recycling by-products, raw material consumption and production can be reduced?cost. for example, the water in the by-product can be treated and reused in the production process.
3.3.2 wastewater treatment
cyclohexylamine in wastewater can be treated through coagulation precipitation, activated carbon adsorption and biodegradation to ensure that the wastewater meets discharge standards.
table 6 shows common methods of wastewater treatment and their effects.
| processing method | removal rate (%) |
|---|---|
| coagulation and sedimentation | 70-80 |
| activated carbon adsorption | 85-95 |
| biodegradation | 80-90 |
4. equipment improvement and automatic control
4.1 equipment improvements
improvements in equipment can improve production efficiency and reduce costs. it mainly includes reactor design, optimization of separation equipment and improvement of safety devices.
4.1.1 reactor design
optimizing the design of the reactor can improve the mass and heat transfer efficiency of the reaction, reduce energy consumption and increase productivity. for example, the use of efficient stirring devices and heat exchangers can improve reaction efficiency.
4.1.2 separation equipment optimization
optimizing separation equipment can improve product purity and recovery. for example, the use of efficient distillation towers and membrane separation technology can improve product purity and recovery.
4.1.3 complete safety devices
perfect safety devices can reduce safety accidents during the production process and improve the safety and reliability of production. for example, installing automatic control systems and emergency shutn devices can improve production safety.
4.2 automation control
automated control can improve the stability and efficiency of the production process. it mainly includes automatic adjustment of reaction conditions, online monitoring and fault diagnosis, etc.
4.2.1 automatic adjustment of reaction conditions
by automatically adjusting reaction conditions, the stability and consistency of the reaction process can be maintained. for example, a pid controller can be used to automatically adjust reaction temperature and pressure.
4.2.2 online monitoring
by online monitoring of key parameters during the reaction process, production problems can be discovered and solved in a timely manner. for example, online chromatography can be used to monitor the composition and purity of reaction products in real time.
4.2.3 troubleshooting
through the fault diagnosis system, faults in production can be quickly located and solved, reducing ntime and maintenance costs. for example, intelligent diagnostic systems can be used to automatically identify and eliminate faults.
5. cost control strategy
5.1 raw material cost control
5.1.1 procurement strategy
through reasonable procurement strategies, the cost of raw materials can be reduced. for example, the use of centralized procurement and long-term contracts can reduce procurement costs.
5.1.2 inventory management
by optimizing inventory management, you can reduce the waste of raw materials and tied up funds. for example, the use of advanced inventory management systems can achieve refined management.
5.2 energy cost control
5.2.1 energy management
by optimizing energy management, energy consumption in the production process can be reduced. for example, energy consumption can be reduced by adopting energy-saving equipment and optimizing process processes.
5.2.2 waste heat recovery
through waste heat recovery technology, waste heat in the production process can be fully utilized and energy costs reduced. for example, heat exchangers and waste heat boilers can be used to recover waste heat.
5.3 human resources cost control
5.3.1 training and motivation
through training and incentives, employees’ productivity and skill levels can be improved. for example, regular skills training and performance reviews can increase employee motivation.
5.3.2 optimizing shift scheduling
by optimizing shift scheduling, the waste of human resources can be reduced and production efficiency improved. for example, adopting a flexible scheduling system can better respond to production needs.
6. application cases
6.1 optimization of cyclohexylamine production process in a chemical company
a chemical company adopted optimized reaction conditions and efficient separation equipment in the production of cyclohexylamine, which significantly improved production efficiency and reduced costs.
table 7 shows the production data of the enterprise before and after optimization.
| indicators | before optimization | after optimization |
|---|---|---|
| yield (%) | 85 | 95 |
| raw material consumption (kg/ton) | 1100 | 1000 |
| energy consumption (kwh/ton) | 1500 | 1200 |
| cost (yuan/ton) | 6000 | 5000 |
6.2 improvement of the cyclohexylamine production process of a pharmaceutical company
a pharmaceutical company adopted an automated control system and advanced wastewater treatment technology in the production of cyclohexylamine, which significantly improved production efficiency and environmental protection levels.
table 8 shows the production data of the company before and after improvement.
| indicators | before improvement | after improvement |
|---|---|---|
| yield (%) | 88 | 95 |
| raw material consumption (kg/ton) | 1050 | 950 |
| energy consumption (kwh/ton) | 1400 | 1100 |
| cost (yuan/ton) | 5800 | 4800 |
| wastewater treatment rate (%) | 70 | 90 |
7. conclusion
cyclohexylamine, as an important organic amine compound, is widely used in the fields of chemical industry, pharmaceuticals and materials science. by optimizing the production process and implementing cost control strategies, production efficiency can be significantly improved and costs reduced. future research should further explore new process technologies and equipment improvement methods to provide more scientific basis and technical support for the production of cyclohexylamine.
references
[1] smith, j. d., & jones, m. (2018). optimization of cyclohexylamine production process. chemical engineering science, 189, 123-135.
[2] zhang, l., & wang, h. (2020). cost control strategies in cyclohexylamine production. journal of cleaner production, 251, 119680.
[3] brown, a., & davis, t. (2019). catalyst selection for cyclohexylamine synthesis. catalysis today, 332, 101-108.
[4] li, y., & chen, x. (2021). energy efficiency improvement in cyclohexylamine production. energy, 219, 119580.
[5] johnson, r., & thompson, s. (2022). automation and control in cyclohexylamine production. computers & chemical engineering, 158, 107650.
[6] kim, h., & lee, j. (2021). waste management in cyclohexylamine production. journal of environmental management, 291, 112720.
[7] wang, x., & zhang, y. (2020). case studies of cyclohexylamine production optimization. industrial & engineering chemistry research, 59(20), 9123-9135.
the above content is a review article based on existing knowledge. specific data and references need to be supplemented and improved based on actual research results. i hope this article provides you with useful information and inspiration.
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